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An Overview of Anabolic‑Androgenic Steroids (AAS)


> Disclaimer: This document is intended solely for educational purposes and does not endorse or encourage the use of anabolic‑androgenic steroids (AAS). All information is provided in a neutral, factual manner.



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1. What Are AAS?



Feature Description


Chemical class Steroid hormones derived from cholesterol; modified to increase androgenic activity and reduce metabolism.


Common examples Testosterone (base form), Nandrolone decanoate, Oxymetholone, Stanozolol, Boldenone undecylenate.


Mechanism of action Bind to intracellular androgen receptors → modulate gene transcription → promote protein synthesis and cell proliferation.


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2. Historical Context




Early 20th Century: Discovery of testosterone (1919) and its isolation.


1950s–1960s: Development of anabolic agents for medical use (e.g., treating muscle wasting).


1970s–1980s: Emergence in sports; first major doping scandals.







3. Prevalence in Sports



Sport Estimated Anabolic Agent Use (%)


Professional Cycling 20–30%


Bodybuilding >50% (muscle hypertrophy focus)


Basketball ~10%


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